Last Saturday I drove through the campus of the University of Lisbon (Portuguese: Universidade de Lisboa), in the district of Campo Grande, and I came to a building by which protrudes from imposing any other, the Torre do Tombo. Torre do Tombo The
(dt: Tomboturm) is a public archive that acts as the central archives of the Portuguese nation, and in the store for over 600 years, all important and relevant state documents, files, documents and Portugal are.
originating from the Middle Ages, and with over 600 years of history, is the Torre do Tombo, or the National Archives, one of the oldest existing institutions of the Portuguese nation.
The title of a "guarda-mor" (Eng.: Senior guard / head guard), the Director of the National Archives is one of the oldest tracks the The Portuguese government has awarded.
Famous guarda-mores were as Damião de Gois, Fernão Lopes, Gomes Eanes de Zurara and Manuel da Maia.
The origins of the National Archives in 1378, as were gathered in the main tower of the castle Lisbon Castelo de Sao Jorge, the so called Torre do Tombo, all major state contracts and relevant documents of the kingdom.
Since the archive was at the Royal Castle, was the archive, first of all, a royal archive, before the time was the National Archives. This tower is
today no longer as it was destroyed by earthquake in 1755 completely.
Since that time the earthquake but no fire broke out in the castle, many historical and valuable documents could be saved and come to the present test of time.
The fact that took the files and documents from the National Archives in the great earthquake of 1755 almost no damage, does not mean that the National Archives over the centuries did not have to withstand severe crises.
The three costliest episodes of the National Archives were without doubt the "Filippine time" from 1580 - 1640, when the English king Filip II, Philip III and Filipp IV ruled Portugal with absolute power, and many documents, especially the maritime- and discovery time, this time to the English National Archives disappeared from Madrid.
was then, as I mentioned already, the earthquake of 01 November 1755, very heavy losses for the archive, because it was completely destroyed. And as
third episode very heavy losses for the National Archives, the flight of the Portuguese royal family is from the troops of Napoleon to Brazil in 1808.
was that time the Portuguese capital of Lisbon to Rio de Janeiro laid, and like all other political and cultural institutions, had to pull the National Archives of Portugal to Brazil. With this move, of course, were immense number of documents and records of the Portuguese history irretrievably lost.
was in 1755 the National Archives transferred to the Calçada da Estrela, in the not then destroyed by the earthquake Benedictine Cathedral of Health (Portuguese: Mosteiro de São Bento da Saúde), now the Benedictine Palace (Portuguese: Palácio de São Bento), where it remained until 1990 also.
Although the National Archives is now found in another building, it retained the name "Torre do Tombo" in.
came only in 1991 the National Archives of Torre do Tombo (Portuguese: Arquivo Nacional da Torre do Tombo) on the campus of the University of Lisbon.
He spread out over three buildings and 55,000 square feet.
is located in one building, the management of the National Archives, located in another, the a museum, take place in the well as cultural events and exhibitions, and in the third building is the actual National Archives are kept in the more than 100 kilometers of shelving, and important historical documents, including a document from the year 882, ie from the Muslim period, which is the oldest document of the Torre do Tombo, is still about 400 Pope documents, over 40,000 documents from the time of the voyages and discoveries and more than 36,000 records from the time of the Inquisition. The
for a Portuguese but probably the most important document, which is stored in the archives of Torre do Tombo, is arguably the Papal Bull "Manifestis probatum", dated 23 May 1179, where Pope Alexander III (port Alexandre III), the independence of Portugal "for ever and irrevocably acknowledges and confirms.
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